Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Sri Lanka, stands as a testament to the island's medieval grandeur and architectural brilliance. This ancient city served as the second capital of Sri Lanka during the 11th to 13th centuries, following the decline of Anuradhapura. Polonnaruwa showcases a remarkable blend of Hindu and Buddhist influences, with its well-preserved archaeological treasures and intricately carved monuments.
The city's star attraction is the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Park, where visitors can explore the ruins of ancient temples, palaces, and stupas. The Gal Vihara, a collection of colossal Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock, is a highlight that captures the artistic prowess of the ancient craftsmen. The Vatadage, a circular relic house, and the Royal Palace complex further exemplify the city's architectural sophistication.
Polonnaruwa is not merely a historical relic but a living testament to Sri Lanka's vibrant cultural and spiritual heritage. The city's Parakrama Samudra, an ancient irrigation reservoir, showcases the advanced hydraulic engineering of the time and continues to irrigate the surrounding agricultural lands. The cultural richness and historical significance of Polonnaruwa make it a must-visit destination, offering travelers a captivating journey through Sri Lanka's medieval past.
Highlights
- Explore the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Park: Wander through the expansive archaeological park, a UNESCO World Heritage site, to discover the well-preserved ruins of temples, palaces, and stupas. Marvel at the intricate carvings and historical significance of sites like the Gal Vihara, Vatadage, and the Royal Palace complex.
- Visit the Gal Vihara: Admire the Gal Vihara, a collection of mesmerizing Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock. These colossal figures include a standing Buddha, a seated Buddha, and two reclining Buddha statues, showcasing the exceptional craftsmanship of ancient Sri Lankan artists.
- Tour the Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu: Explore the ruins of the Royal Palace complex, once the residence of King Parakramabahu. The complex includes the Audience Hall, Council Chamber, and the king's bathing pool, providing insights into the grandeur of medieval Sri Lankan royalty.
- Discover the Quadrangle: Visit the Quadrangle, a sacred precinct containing various religious structures such as the Vatadage, Hatadage, and the Tooth Relic Shrine. Each of these monuments reflects the architectural and religious diversity of the ancient city.
- Climb the Rankoth Vehera: Ascend the Rankoth Vehera, one of the largest stupas in Polonnaruwa. The stupa, surrounded by a beautifully landscaped terrace, offers panoramic views of the surrounding archaeological ruins and the cityscape.
- Explore the Archaeological Museum: Enhance your understanding of Polonnaruwa's history by visiting the Archaeological Museum. The museum displays artifacts, sculptures, and historical information related to the ancient city, providing valuable context for the archaeological sites.
- Enjoy a Bicycle Tour: Navigate the vast archaeological complex on a bicycle, a popular and leisurely way to explore the ancient city. Many rental services are available, allowing tourists to cover more ground while enjoying the scenic surroundings.
- Visit the Parakrama Samudra: Witness the grandeur of Parakrama Samudra, an ancient reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I. The expansive tank not only served as an irrigation system for the region but also adds to the scenic beauty of Polonnaruwa.
- Participate in a Cultural Show: Experience the vibrant culture of Sri Lanka by attending a traditional dance and cultural show in Polonnaruwa. These performances often showcase colorful costumes, rhythmic drumming, and traditional dances.
- Take a Boat Ride on Parakrama Samudra: Enjoy a tranquil boat ride on the waters of Parakrama Samudra. The boat ride provides a unique perspective of the ancient city and offers a peaceful retreat surrounded by nature.
